Our new paper about plant trait - environment relationships at the meso-scale published in the Science of the Total Environment

Our new paper by Balázs Deák et al. about the plant trait distributions in topographically heterogeneous dry grasslands has recently been published in the Science of the Total Environment.

The paper is open access, and can be freely downloaded from the website of the journal (please click here).

Reference:

Deák, B., Botta-Dukát, Z., Rádai, Z., Kovács, B., Apostolova, I., Bátori, Z., Kelemen, A., Lukács, K., Kiss, R., Palpurina, S., Sopotlieva, D., Valkó, O. (2024): Meso-scale environmental heterogeneity drives plant trait distributions in fragmented dry grasslands. Science of the Total Environment 947: 174355.

For studying trait-environment relationships, we selected our favourite study system, kurgans (millenia-old ancient burial mounds built by nomadic steppe tribes) that are among the most widespread man-made landmarks in the Eurasian steppe and forest steppe zone (please see our previous publications on these mounds here). We have shown that even at the scale of a few meters, the environmental heterogeneity can considerably shape the distribution of plant traits. Since these small landmarks are characterised by various different microsites, the large trait variation on the mounds can considerably increase community resilience.

Abstract

Environmental heterogeneity shapes the patterns of resources and limiting factors and therefore can be an important driver of plant community composition through the selection of the most adaptive functional traits. In this study, we explored plant trait–environment relationships in environmentally heterogeneous microsite complexes at the meso-scale (few meters), and used ancient Bulgarian and Hungarian burial mounds covered by dry grasslands as a model habitat. We assessed within-site trait variability typical of certain microsites with different combinations of environmental parameters (mound slopes with different aspects, mound tops, and surrounding plain grasslands) using a dataset of 480 vegetation plots. For this we calculated community-weighted means (CWMs) and abundance models. We found that despite their small size, the vegetation on mounds was characterized by different sets of functional traits (higher canopy, higher level of clonality, and heavier seeds) compared to the plain grasslands. North-facing slopes with mild environmental conditions were characterized by perennial species with light seeds, short flowering period, and a high proportion of dwarf shrubs sharply contrasted from the plain grasslands and from the south-facing slopes and mound tops with harsh environmental conditions. Patterns predicted by CWMs and abundance models differed in the case of certain traits (perenniality, canopy height, and leaf dry matter content), suggesting that environmental factors do not necessarily affect trait optima directly, but influence them indirectly through correlating traits. Due to the large relative differences in environmental parameters, contrasts in trait composition among microsites were mostly consistent and independent from the macroclimate. Mounds with high environmental heterogeneity can considerably increase variability in plant functional traits and ecological strategies at the site and landscape levels. The large trait variation on topographically heterogeneous landscape features can increase community resilience against climate change or stochastic disturbances, which underlines their conservation importance.